Deforestation and the hydrologic cycle tropical deforestation also affects the local climate of an area by reducing the evaporative cooling that takes place from both soil and plant life. Deforestation has negative impacts to environment because it may lead into aridity, biodiversity loss and habitat damages. Causes and effects of deforestation global witness global. Tropical deforestation contributes as much as 90% of the current net release of biotic carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Deforestation is the process of cutting down trees and clearing land. Deforestation is consequently an important potential source of carbon. Introduction of deforestation destruction of our green planet. Lesson 2 deforestation research assignment introduction.
Legal as well as illegal land clearance for agriculture is significant global driver of deforestation. The impacts of deforestation deforestation and the carbon cycle forests and their clearance play two, largely separate, roles in the carbon cycle and thus in the climate system. There is a clear correlation between deforestation and the prices of soybean. We first exposed how liberias former president charles taylor currently serving a 50 year sentence for war crimes sold off liberias forests to logging companies, using the proceeds to buy arms and maintain his regime. Deforestation deforestation regrowth undisturbed forest forest fragments figure 1. Deforestation is a problem that is caused largely by greed and want for property, money and possibly status.
This book provides a general view about deforestation dynamics around the world. In many countries, people clear land to use it for other purposes, such as agriculture, pasture land, and urban development. Deforestation and forest degradation have real and tangible impacts on the lives of these vulnerable communities. Deforestation and degradation in the project area as detected by 200711 imagery source. Introduction of deforestation destruction of our green. Efforts to tackle illegal logging and improve forest governance over the past ten years have included measures.
Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation. The implications of deforestation research for policies to promote reddby markku kanninen, daniel murdiyarso, frances seymour, arild angelsen, sven wunder, laura german. Deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and co2. In this case, agriculture is the main immediate driver of deforestation, which is influenced by underlying factors, such as the expansion of. Based on papers presented at a workshop held inturrialba, costa rica, mar. Deforestation can be defined as the largescale removal of trees from forests or other lands for the facilitation of human activities. Mining, infrastructure and urban expansion are important but less prominent. Pdf restoration forestry or ecoforestry or sustainable forestry is basically not aimed to produce forest trees for logging or any sort of human. Th e deforestation of the amazon by phil camill page 4 crops. Pakistans forest resources are shrinking at a rate of one percent which will have dreadful effects on the people of pakistan. The problem is that the trees cannot be re grown and replanted at. Deforestation can also occur to produce the wood and organic materials needed for a variety of industries. The major cash crops grown in the district are coconuts, cashew nuts and sesame, while maize.
Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation edited by a. Fishbone pattern of deforestation 67, geometric pattern of deforestation 67, corridor pattern of deforestation 68, diffuse pattern of deforestation 69, patchy pattern of deforestation 70, island pattern of deforestation 71 3. One and onehalf acres of rainforest are lost every second with tragic. Due to the rapid rate of deforestation in central america, habitat loss is their main threat. While the secondary data source involved the search into published and unpublished materials relevant to. Concluding remarks there is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. Mean precipitation remains unchanged, partly owing to the opposing signals of local and regional impacts and because global averaging minimizes these climatic responses5,911. Lesson 2 deforestation research assignment introduction lesson overview this lesson will introduce students to the concept of deforestation, its effects on the environment, and how countries are working to save their forests. In many parts of the world the forest is taken for granted as a replenish able resource, which it is. Deforestation, which is the loss of wild forest habitats due to human activity, has grown into a global problem as demand for wood climbs. Pdf forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of co2 of an area. Slashandburn agriculture produces about 80% of the human food supply in the amazon as. Poverty versuscapitaldriven deforestation 72 povertydriven deforestation 73, capitaldriven deforestation 74.
Impacts of deforestation and land cover change on mountain soils. Deforestation is generally occurring in the southern hemisphere and is mainly due to unsustainable agricultural practices and fuel requirements. Combined, these four issues affect not only wild plants. The clearing of trees also affects biodiversity and the. Degradation of astanding forest, like deforestation, reduces carbonstorage,thequalityofspecieshabitat,andtheprovision of local ecosystem services, such as water quality. Shrinking forests can cause widereaching problems, including soil erosion, water cycle disruption, greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity losses. Tropical forests are home to half the earths species, and their trees are an immense standing reservoir of carbon. While deforestation in the basin as a whole increased over the year, preliminary analysis indicates that it declined 7% in the 36 highdeforestation counties that were the object of decree 6321. This association between deforestation and degradation implies that similar factors may be involved in both. Deforestation will have increasingly serious consequences for biodiversity, humans, and climate. Population growth is a major hindrance to attainment of sustainable development. Zero deforestation initiatives and their impacts on. Despite localregional causes, its consequences are global.
Deforestation results in a number of environmental impacts. Deforestation and climate change climate institute. Consumers and retailers are not able to identify the differences between imports of legal, illegal or unsustainable agricultural commodities produced on these lands. Drivers of deforestation in kilwa 6 almost entirely dependent on traditional methods and gear artisanal fishing including mashua, dau, ngalawa and dugout canoes macemp 2001. It is a serious environmental concern since it can result in the loss of biodiversity, damage to natural habitats, disturbances in the water cycle, and soil erosion. List of books and articles about deforestation online. By 1949, china had more than 541 million people and only 10. The soil only stays nutrient rich for so long, about two years11, after this time, the nutrients from the burned biomass are used up. After the third year, farms are usually abandoned because of nutrientdepleted soils and the invasion of weedy species. Evidence of deforestation and degradation from smartphones database figure 3 provides evidences from smartphones database. For this reason, the fpp wishes to include deforestation as a topic in their educational and research programs. The link between commodity prices and deforestation was attenuated, if. Pakistan is not selfsufficient in wood based products and spends billions of rupees on import of wood and wood based products. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
The problem is that the trees cannot be re grown and replanted at the rate at which they are being cut down. The dark areas are forest, the white is deforested areas, and the gray is regrowth. Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in kilwa. Causes and effects of deforestation global witness. Center for international forestry research cifor, 2007. A sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks. Among the impacts of tropical deforestation are the altered local or regional hydrology, altered climate and serious environmental problems such as flood damage. Deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and co2 emissions in riau, sumatra, indonesia one indonesian provinces forest and peat soil carbon loss over a quarter century and its plans for the future wwf indonesia technical report. Diversity among producers a land use in the amazon the most commonly practiced agriculture methods in the amazon include slashandburn, shifting cultivation and ranching. Global witness has also shown how logging bankrolls murderous regimes. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of.
Pdf deforestation and its impacts on climate change an. One of many examples of deforestation resulting from a population rise is china, which went from about 1. Deforestation refers to the loss or destruction of naturally occurring forests, primarily due to human activities such as logging, cutting trees for fuel, slashandburn agriculture, clearing land for livestock grazing, mining operations, oil extraction, dam building, and urban sprawl or other types of development and population expansion. Understanding deforestationa growing global problem.
When this happens, farmers pack up and move on to the next section of the rainforest, leaving their farmland behind for. Since deforestation dries out the soil, the risk of forest fires also increases. There are many factors that contribute to deforestation, each with its own causes and negative environmental impacts. The challenges of deforestation and forest degradation in the context of climate change, development and biodiversity loss on 26 and 27 may 2014, some 120 representatives of eu member states, third countries, international organisations, the private sector, ngos and research organisationsthink tanks. Marsfm working paper 5 2007 forestry department food and agriculture organization of the united nations manual on deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation using remote sensing and gis prepared by giri tejaswi rome, march 2007 strengthening monitoring, assessment and reporting on sustainable forest management in asia gcpint988jpn. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. When people do deforestation, they should conduct reforestation to avoid the negative impacts. While the secondary data source involved the search into published and unpublished materials relevant to the subject matter. Deforestation is the permanent conversion of forest to some other land cover, almost always crops, pasture, or plantations such. This is due to the fact that, at its base, urban sprawl is driven by overpopulation. Factors affecting deforestation and forest degradation in. Deforestation definition, causes, effects, and control. Frey, tropical deforestation in the amazon, issues in political economy, 2002, vol. The three main causes of deforestation in the world are.
Degradation can also be a precursor to deforestation, because logging reduces the perceived conservation value of and increases access to the forest, which leads to clearing asner et al. Deforestation is has a result of the interaction of environmental, social, cultural and political forces in a given region. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Report forest 500 powerbrokers of zero deforestation. Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture.
Pdf deforestation causes, impacts and restoration strategies. Assuming that all natural forest inside an area zoned for plantation would be converted, by 2015 industrial acacia plantations would have replaced 36% 1. The european paper industry supports sustainable forest management as well as certification. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. According to the results in figure 3, illegal pitsawing incidences were the highest encounters. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2. These concepts will be introduced through class discussion and independent research. This change may represent as much as 20% 30% of the total carbon flux due to humans, i. Urban sprawl is one of the most difficult deforestationrelated issues to solve. Nevertheless, deforestation has been a widespread phenomenon in tropical africa, with an annual forest clearance of between 1. It has a serious negative effect on climate change in as far as rainfall is reduced and the amount of sunlight reflected from earths surface alters. Deforestation and forest degradation represent a significant fraction of the annual worldwide humaninduced emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the main source of biodiversity losses and the destruction of millions of peoples homes. Deforestation in the amazon by rhett a butler rainforests once covered 14% of the earths land surface. Slashandburn is the cutting and burning of forests to plant.
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